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        <p>
          S. No. 2796<br />
            H. No. 5808</p>
        <p style="text-align: center;">
          <strong>Republic of the Philippines</strong><br />
          <strong>Congress of the Philippines</strong><br />
          <strong>Metro Manila<br />
              Fifteenth Congress</strong><br />
          <strong>Second Regular Session</strong>
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday the Twenty-fifth day of
          July two thousand eleven.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: center;">
          <strong>[ Republic Act No. 10175 ]</strong>
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: center;">
          <strong
              >AN ACT DEFINING CYBERCRIME, PROVIDING FOR THE PREVENTION,
              INVESTIGATION, SUPPRESSION AND THE IMPOSITION OF PENALTIES
              THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES</strong>
        </p>
        <p>
          <em
              >Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
              Philippines in Congress assembled:</em>
        </p>
        <p align="center">
          CHAPTER I<br />
            PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SECTION 1. <em>Title. —&nbsp;</em>This Act shall be known as the
          “Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012”.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 2. <em>Declaration of Policy. — </em>The State recognizes the
          vital role of information and communications industries such as
          content production, telecommunications, broadcasting electronic
          commerce, and data processing, in the nation’s overall social and
          economic development. The State also recognizes the importance of
          providing an environment conducive to the development, acceleration,
          and rational application and exploitation of information and
          communications technology (ICT) to attain free, easy, and
          intelligible access to exchange and/or delivery of information; and
          the need to protect and safeguard the integrity of computer,
          computer and communications systems, networks, and databases, and
          the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and
          data stored therein, from all forms of misuse, abuse, and illegal
          access by making punishable under the law such conduct or conducts.
          In this light, the State shall adopt sufficient powers to
          effectively prevent and combat such offenses by facilitating their
          detection, investigation, and prosecution at both the domestic and
          international levels, and by providing arrangements for fast and
          reliable international cooperation.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 3. <em>Definition of Terms. </em>— For purposes of this Act,
          the following terms are hereby defined as follows:
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (a) <em>Access </em>refers to the instruction, communication with,
          storing data in, retrieving data from, or otherwise making use of
          any resources of a computer system or communication network.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (b) <em>Alteration </em>refers to the modification or change, in
          form or substance, of an existing computer data or program.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (c) <em>Communication </em>refers to the transmission of information
          through ICT media, including voice, video and other forms of data.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (d) <em>Computer </em>refers to an electronic, magnetic, optical,
          electrochemical, or other data processing or communications device,
          or grouping of such devices, capable of performing logical,
          arithmetic, routing, or storage functions and which includes any
          storage facility or equipment or communications facility or
          equipment directly related to or operating in conjunction with such
          device. It covers any type of computer device including devices with
          data processing capabilities like mobile phones, smart phones,
          computer networks and other devices connected to the internet.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (e) <em>Computer data </em>refers to any representation of facts,
          information, or concepts in a form suitable for processing in a
          computer system including a program suitable to cause a computer
          system to perform a function and includes electronic documents
          and/or electronic data messages whether stored in local computer
          systems or online.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (f) <em>Computer program </em>refers to a set of instructions
          executed by the computer to achieve intended results.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (g) <em>Computer system </em>refers to any device or group of
          interconnected or related devices, one or more of which, pursuant to
          a program, performs automated processing of data. It covers any type
          of device with data processing capabilities including, but not
          limited to, computers and mobile phones. The device consisting of
          hardware and software may include input, output and storage
          components which may stand alone or be connected in a network or
          other similar devices. It also includes computer data storage
          devices or media.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (h) <em>Without right </em>refers to either: (i) conduct undertaken
          without or in excess of authority; or (ii) conduct not covered by
          established legal defenses, excuses, court orders, justifications,
          or relevant principles under the law.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (i) <em>Cyber </em>refers to a computer or a computer network, the
          electronic medium in which online communication takes place.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (j) <em>Critical infrastructure </em>refers to the computer systems,
          and/or networks, whether physical or virtual, and/or the computer
          programs, computer data and/or traffic data so vital to this country
          that the incapacity or destruction of or interference with such
          system and assets would have a debilitating impact on security,
          national or economic security, national public health and safety, or
          any combination of those matters.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (k) <em>Cybersecurity </em>refers to the collection of tools,
          policies, risk management approaches, actions, training, best
          practices, assurance and technologies that can be used to protect
          the cyber environment and organization and user’s assets.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (l) <em>Database </em>refers to a representation of information,
          knowledge, facts, concepts, or instructions which are being
          prepared, processed or stored or have been prepared, processed or
          stored in a formalized manner and which are intended for use in a
          computer system.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (m) <em>Interception </em>refers to listening to, recording,
          monitoring or surveillance of the content of communications,
          including procuring of the content of data, either directly, through
          access and use of a computer system or indirectly, through the use
          of electronic eavesdropping or tapping devices, at the same time
          that the communication is occurring.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (n) <em>Service provider </em>refers to:
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (1) Any public or private entity that provides to users of its
          service the ability to communicate by means of a computer system;
          and
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (2) Any other entity that processes or stores computer data on
          behalf of such communication service or users of such service.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (o) <em>Subscriber’s information </em>refers to any information
          contained in the form of computer data or any other form that is
          held by a service provider, relating to subscribers of its services
          other than traffic or content data and by which identity can be
          established:
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (1) The type of communication service used, the technical provisions
          taken thereto and the period of service;
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (2) The subscriber’s identity, postal or geographic address,
          telephone and other access numbers, any assigned network address,
          billing and payment information, available on the basis of the
          service agreement or arrangement; and
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (3) Any other available information on the site of the installation
          of communication equipment, available on the basis of the service
          agreement or arrangement.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (p) <em>Traffic data </em>or <em>non-content data </em>refers to any
          computer data other than the content of the communication including,
          but not limited to, the communication’s origin, destination, route,
          time, date, size, duration, or type of underlying service.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: center;" align="center">
          CHAPTER II<br />
            PUNISHABLE ACTS
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 4. <em>Cybercrime Offenses. —</em>&nbsp;The following acts
          constitute the offense of cybercrime punishable under this Act:
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (a) Offenses against the confidentiality, integrity and availability
          of computer data and systems:
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (1) Illegal Access. – The access to the whole or any part of a
          computer system without right.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (2) Illegal Interception. – The interception made by technical means
          without right of any non-public transmission of computer data to,
          from, or within a computer system including electromagnetic
          emissions from a computer system carrying such computer data.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (3) Data Interference. — The intentional or reckless alteration,
          damaging, deletion or deterioration of computer data, electronic
          document, or electronic data message, without right, including the
          introduction or transmission of viruses.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (4) System Interference. — The intentional alteration or reckless
          hindering or interference with the functioning of a computer or
          computer network by inputting, transmitting, damaging, deleting,
          deteriorating, altering or suppressing computer data or program,
          electronic document, or electronic data message, without right or
          authority, including the introduction or transmission of viruses.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">(5) Misuse of Devices.</p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (i) The use, production, sale, procurement, importation,
          distribution, or otherwise making available, without right, of:
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (aa) A device, including a computer program, designed or adapted
          primarily for the purpose of committing any of the offenses under
          this Act; or
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (bb) A computer password, access code, or similar data by which the
          whole or any part of a computer system is capable of being accessed
          with intent that it be used for the purpose of committing any of the
          offenses under this Act.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (ii) The possession of an item referred to in paragraphs 5(i)(aa) or
          (bb) above with intent to use said devices for the purpose of
          committing any of the offenses under this section.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (6) Cyber-squatting. – The acquisition of a domain name over the
          internet in bad faith to profit, mislead, destroy reputation, and
          deprive others from registering the same, if such a domain name is:
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (i) Similar, identical, or confusingly similar to an existing
          trademark registered with the appropriate government agency at the
          time of the domain name registration:
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (ii) Identical or in any way similar with the name of a person other
          than the registrant, in case of a personal name; and
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (iii) Acquired without right or with intellectual property interests
          in it.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">(b) Computer-related Offenses:</p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">(1) Computer-related Forgery. —</p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (i) The input, alteration, or deletion of any computer data without
          right resulting in inauthentic data with the intent that it be
          considered or acted upon for legal purposes as if it were authentic,
          regardless whether or not the data is directly readable and
          intelligible; or
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (ii) The act of knowingly using computer data which is the product
          of computer-related forgery as defined herein, for the purpose of
          perpetuating a fraudulent or dishonest design.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (2) Computer-related Fraud. — The unauthorized input, alteration, or
          deletion of computer data or program or interference in the
          functioning of a computer system, causing damage thereby with
          fraudulent intent: <em>Provided, </em>That if no
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          damage has yet been caused, the penalty imposable shall be one (1)
          degree lower.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (3) Computer-related Identity Theft. – The intentional acquisition,
          use, misuse, transfer, possession, alteration or deletion of
          identifying information belonging to another, whether natural or
          juridical, without right: <em>Provided, </em>That if no damage has
          yet been caused, the penalty imposable shall be one (1) degree
          lower.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">(c) Content-related Offenses:</p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (1) Cybersex. — The willful engagement, maintenance, control, or
          operation, directly or indirectly, of any lascivious exhibition of
          sexual organs or sexual activity, with the aid of a computer system,
          for favor or consideration.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (2) Child Pornography. — The unlawful or prohibited acts defined and
          punishable by
          <a href="http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2009/11/17/republic-act-no-9775-s-2009/" target="_blank">Republic
            Act No. 9775</a>
          or the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009, committed through a
          computer system: <em>Provided, </em>That the penalty to be imposed
          shall be (1) one degree higher than that provided for in Republic
          Act No. 9775.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (3) Unsolicited Commercial Communications. — The transmission of
          commercial electronic communication with the use of computer system
          which seek to advertise, sell, or offer for sale products and
          services are prohibited unless:
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (i) There is prior affirmative consent from the recipient; or
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (ii) The primary intent of the communication is for service and/or
          administrative announcements from the sender to its existing users,
          subscribers or customers; or
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (iii) The following conditions are present:
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (aa) The commercial electronic communication contains a simple,
          valid, and reliable way for the recipient to reject. receipt of
          further commercial electronic messages (opt-out) from the same
          source;
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (bb) The commercial electronic communication does not purposely
          disguise the source of the electronic message; and
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (cc) The commercial electronic communication does not purposely
          include misleading information in any part of the message in order
          to induce the recipients to read the message.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (4) Libel. — The unlawful or prohibited acts of libel as defined in
          Article 355 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended, committed through
          a computer system or any other similar means which may be devised in
          the future.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 5. <em>Other Offenses. —&nbsp;</em>The following acts shall
          also constitute an offense:
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (a) Aiding or Abetting in the Commission of Cybercrime. – Any person
          who willfully abets or aids in the commission of any of the offenses
          enumerated in this Act shall be held liable.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (b) Attempt in the Commission of Cybercrime. — Any person who
          willfully attempts to commit any of the offenses enumerated in this
          Act shall be held liable.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 6. All crimes defined and penalized by the Revised Penal Code,
          as amended, and special laws, if committed by, through and with the
          use of information and communications technologies shall be covered
          by the relevant provisions of this Act: <em>Provided, </em>That the
          penalty to be imposed shall be one (1) degree higher than that
          provided for by the Revised Penal Code, as amended, and special
          laws, as the case may be.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 7. <em>Liability under Other Laws. —&nbsp;</em>A prosecution
          under this Act shall be without prejudice to any liability for
          violation of any provision of the Revised Penal Code, as amended, or
          special laws.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: center;" align="center">
          CHAPTER&nbsp;III<br />
            PENALTIES
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 8. <em>Penalties. </em>— Any person found guilty of any of the
          punishable acts enumerated in Sections 4(a) and 4(b) of this Act
          shall be punished with imprisonment of <em>prision mayor </em>or a
          fine of at least Two hundred thousand pesos (PhP200,000.00) up to a
          maximum amount commensurate to the damage incurred or both.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          Any person found guilty of the punishable act under Section 4(a)(5)
          shall be punished with imprisonment of <em>prision mayor </em>or a
          fine of not more than Five hundred thousand pesos (PhP500,000.00) or
          both.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          If punishable acts in Section 4(a) are committed against critical
          infrastructure, the penalty of <em>reclusion temporal </em>or a fine
          of at least Five hundred thousand pesos (PhP500,000.00) up to
          maximum amount commensurate to the damage incurred or both, shall be
          imposed.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in
          Section 4(c)(1) of this Act shall be punished with imprisonment of
          <em>prision mayor </em>or a fine of at least Two hundred thousand
          pesos (PhP200,000.00) but not exceeding One million pesos
          (PhP1,000,000.00) or both.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in
          Section 4(c)(2) of this Act shall be punished with the penalties as
          enumerated in Republic Act No. 9775 or the “Anti-Child Pornography
          Act of 2009”: <em>Provided</em>,<em> </em>That the penalty to be
          imposed shall be one (1) degree higher than that provided for in
          Republic Act No. 9775, if committed through a computer system.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in
          Section 4(c)(3) shall be punished with imprisonment of
          <em>arresto mayor </em>or a fine of at least Fifty thousand pesos
          (PhP50,000.00) but not exceeding Two hundred fifty thousand pesos
          (PhP250,000.00) or both.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in
          Section 5 shall be punished with imprisonment one (1) degree lower
          than that of the prescribed penalty for the offense or a fine of at
          least One hundred thousand pesos (PhP100,000.00) but not exceeding
          Five hundred thousand pesos (PhP500,000.00) or both.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 9. <em>Corporate Liability. </em>— When any of the punishable
          acts herein defined are knowingly committed on behalf of or for the
          benefit of a juridical person, by a natural person acting either
          individually or as part of an organ of the juridical person, who has
          a leading position within, based on: (a) a power of representation
          of the juridical person provided the act committed falls within the
          scope of such authority; (b) an authority to take decisions on
          behalf of the juridical person: <em>Provided, </em>That the act
          committed falls within the scope of such authority; or (c) an
          authority to exercise control within the juridical person, the
          juridical person shall be held liable for a fine equivalent to at
          least double the fines imposable in Section 7 up to a maximum of Ten
          million pesos (PhP10,000,000.00).
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          If the commission of any of the punishable acts herein defined was
          made possible due to the lack of supervision or control by a natural
          person referred to and described in the preceding paragraph, for the
          benefit of that juridical person by a natural person acting under
          its authority, the juridical person shall be held liable for a fine
          equivalent to at least double the fines imposable in Section 7 up to
          a maximum of Five million pesos (PhP5,000,000.00).
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          The liability imposed on the juridical person shall be without
          prejudice to the criminal liability of the natural person who has
          committed the offense.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: center;" align="center">
          CHAPTER IV<br />
            ENFORCEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 10. <em>Law Enforcement Authorities. —&nbsp;</em>The National
          Bureau of Investigation (NBI) and the Philippine National Police
          (PNP) shall be responsible for the efficient and effective law
          enforcement of the provisions of this Act. The NBI and the PNP shall
          organize a cybercrime unit or center manned by special investigators
          to exclusively handle cases involving violations of this Act.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 11. <em>Duties of Law Enforcement Authorities. — </em>To ensure
          that the technical nature of cybercrime and its prevention is given
          focus and considering the procedures involved for international
          cooperation, law enforcement authorities specifically the computer
          or technology crime divisions or units responsible for the
          investigation of cybercrimes are required to submit timely and
          regular reports including pre-operation, post-operation and
          investigation results and such other documents as may be required to
          the Department of Justice (DOJ) for review and monitoring.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 12. <em>Real-Time Collection of Traffic Data. — </em>Law
          enforcement authorities, with due cause, shall be authorized to
          collect or record by technical or electronic means traffic data in
          real-time associated with specified communications transmitted by
          means of a computer system.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          Traffic data refer only to the communication’s origin, destination,
          route, time, date, size, duration, or type of underlying service,
          but not content, nor identities.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          All other data to be collected or seized or disclosed will require a
          court warrant.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          Service providers are required to cooperate and assist law
          enforcement authorities in the collection or recording of the
          above-stated information.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          The court warrant required under this section shall only be issued
          or granted upon written application and the examination under oath
          or affirmation of the applicant and the witnesses he may produce and
          the showing: (1) that there are reasonable grounds to believe that
          any of the crimes enumerated hereinabove has been committed, or is
          being committed, or is about to be committed: (2) that there are
          reasonable grounds to believe that evidence that will be obtained is
          essential to the conviction of any person for, or to the solution
          of, or to the prevention of, any such crimes; and (3) that there are
          no other means readily available for obtaining such evidence.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 13. <em>Preservation of Computer Data. —</em>&nbsp;The
          integrity of traffic data and subscriber information relating to
          communication services provided by a service provider shall be
          preserved for a minimum period of six (6) months from the date of
          the transaction. Content data shall be similarly preserved for six
          (6) months from the date of receipt of the order from law
          enforcement authorities requiring its preservation.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          Law enforcement authorities may order a one-time extension for
          another six (6) months: <em>Provided, </em>That once computer data
          preserved, transmitted or stored by a service provider is used as
          evidence in a case, the mere furnishing to such service provider of
          the transmittal document to the Office of the Prosecutor shall be
          deemed a notification to preserve the computer data until the
          termination of the case.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          The service provider ordered to preserve computer data shall keep
          confidential the order and its compliance.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 14. <em>Disclosure of Computer Data. —</em>&nbsp;Law
          enforcement authorities, upon securing a court warrant, shall issue
          an order requiring any person or service provider to disclose or
          submit subscriber’s information, traffic data or relevant data in
          his/its possession or control within seventy-two (72) hours from
          receipt of the order in relation to a valid complaint officially
          docketed and assigned for investigation and the disclosure is
          necessary and relevant for the purpose of investigation.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 15.
          <em>Search, Seizure and Examination of Computer Data. </em>— Where a
          search and seizure warrant is properly issued, the law enforcement
          authorities shall likewise have the following powers and duties.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          Within the time period specified in the warrant, to conduct
          interception, as defined in this Act, and:
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (a) To secure a computer system or a computer data storage medium;
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (b) To make and retain a copy of those computer data secured;
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (c) To maintain the integrity of the relevant stored computer data;
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (d) To conduct forensic analysis or examination of the computer data
          storage medium; and
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (e) To render inaccessible or remove those computer data in the
          accessed computer or computer and communications network.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          Pursuant thereof, the law enforcement authorities may order any
          person who has knowledge about the functioning of the computer
          system and the measures to protect and preserve the computer data
          therein to provide, as is reasonable, the necessary information, to
          enable the undertaking of the search, seizure and examination.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          Law enforcement authorities may request for an extension of time to
          complete the examination of the computer data storage medium and to
          make a return thereon but in no case for a period longer than thirty
          (30) days from date of approval by the court.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 16. <em>Custody of Computer Data. —&nbsp;</em>All computer
          data, including content and traffic data, examined under a proper
          warrant shall, within forty-eight (48) hours after the expiration of
          the period fixed therein, be deposited with the court in a sealed
          package, and shall be accompanied by an affidavit of the law
          enforcement authority executing it stating the dates and times
          covered by the examination, and the law enforcement authority who
          may access the deposit, among other relevant data. The law
          enforcement authority shall also certify that no duplicates or
          copies of the whole or any part thereof have been made, or if made,
          that all such duplicates or copies are included in the package
          deposited with the court. The package so deposited shall not be
          opened, or the recordings replayed, or used in evidence, or then
          contents revealed, except upon order of the court, which shall not
          be granted except upon motion, with due notice and opportunity to be
          heard to the person or persons whose conversation or communications
          have been recorded.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 17. <em>Destruction of Computer Data. </em>— Upon expiration of
          the periods as provided in Sections 13 and 15, service providers and
          law enforcement authorities, as the case may be, shall immediately
          and completely destroy the computer data subject of a preservation
          and examination.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 18. <em>Exclusionary Rule. —</em>&nbsp;Any evidence procured
          without a valid warrant or beyond the authority of the same shall be
          inadmissible for any proceeding before any court or tribunal.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 19.
          <em>Restricting or Blocking Access to Computer Data. — </em>When a
          computer data is <em>prima facie </em>found to be in violation of
          the provisions of this Act, the DOJ shall issue an order to restrict
          or block access to such computer data.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 20. <em>Noncompliance. </em>— Failure to comply with the
          provisions of Chapter IV hereof specifically the orders from law
          enforcement authorities shall be punished as a violation of
          Presidential Decree No. 1829 with imprisonment of
          <em>prision correctional </em>in its maximum period or a fine of One
          hundred thousand pesos (Php100,000.00) or both, for each and every
          noncompliance with an order issued by law enforcement authorities.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: center;" align="center">
          CHAPTER V<br />
            JURISDICTION
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 21. <em>Jurisdiction. </em>— The Regional Trial Court shall
          have jurisdiction over any violation of the provisions of this Act.
          including any violation committed by a Filipino national regardless
          of the place of commission. Jurisdiction shall lie if any of the
          elements was committed within the Philippines or committed with the
          use of any computer system wholly or partly situated in the country,
          or when by such commission any damage is caused to a natural or
          juridical person who, at the time the offense was committed, was in
          the Philippines.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          There shall be designated special cybercrime courts manned by
          specially trained judges to handle cybercrime cases.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: center;" align="center">
          CHAPTER VI<br />
            INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          Sec. 22.
          <em>General Principles Relating to International Cooperation </em>—
          All relevant international instruments on international cooperation
          in criminal matters, arrangements agreed on the basis of uniform or
          reciprocal legislation, and domestic laws, to the widest extent
          possible for the purposes of investigations or proceedings
          concerning criminal offenses related to computer systems and data,
          or for the collection of evidence in electronic form of a criminal,
          offense shall be given full force and effect.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: center;" align="center">
          CHAPTER VII<br />
            COMPETENT AUTHORITIES
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC 23. <em>Department of Justice (DOJ). </em>— There is hereby
          created an Office of Cybercrime within the DOJ designated as the
          central authority in all matters related to international mutual
          assistance and extradition.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 24.
          <em>Cybercrime Investigation and Coordinating Center. — </em>There
          is hereby created, within thirty (30) days from the effectivity of
          this Act, an inter-agency body to be known as the Cybercrime
          Investigation and Coordinating Center (CICC), under the
          administrative supervision of the Office of the President, for
          policy coordination among concerned agencies and for the formulation
          and enforcement of the national cybersecurity plan.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 25. <em>Composition. </em>— The CICC shall be headed by the
          Executive Director of the Information and Communications Technology
          Office under the Department of Science and Technology (ICTO-DOST) as
          Chairperson with the Director of the NBI as Vice Chairperson; the
          Chief of the PNP; Head of the DOJ Office of Cybercrime; and one (1)
          representative from the private sector and academe, as members. The
          CICC shall be manned by a secretariat of selected existing personnel
          and representatives from the different participating agencies.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 26. <em>Powers and Functions. —&nbsp;</em>The CICC shall have
          the following powers and functions:
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (a) To formulate a national cybersecurity plan and extend immediate
          assistance for the suppression of real-time commission of cybercrime
          offenses through a computer emergency response team (CERT);
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (b) To coordinate the preparation of appropriate and effective
          measures to prevent and suppress cybercrime activities as provided
          for in this Act;
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (c) To monitor cybercrime cases being bandied by participating law
          enforcement and prosecution agencies;
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (d) To facilitate international cooperation on intelligence,
          investigations, training and capacity building related to cybercrime
          prevention, suppression and prosecution;
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (e) To coordinate the support and participation of the business
          sector, local government units and nongovernment organizations in
          cybercrime prevention programs and other
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">related projects;</p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (f) To recommend the enactment of appropriate laws, issuances,
          measures and policies;
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (g) To call upon any government agency to render assistance in the
          accomplishment of the CICC’s mandated tasks and functions; and
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          (h) To perform all other matters related to cybercrime prevention
          and suppression, including capacity building and such other
          functions and duties as may be necessary for the proper
          implementation of this Act.
        </p>
        <p align="center">
          CHAPTER VIII<br />
            FINAL PROVISIONS
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 27. <em>Appropriations. — </em>The amount of Fifty million
          pesos (PhP50,000,000.00) shall be appropriated annually for the
          implementation of this Act.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 28. <em>Implementing Rules and Regulations. — </em>The
          ICTO-DOST, the DOJ and the Department of the Interior and Local
          Government (DILG) shall jointly formulate the necessary rules and
          regulations within ninety (90) days from approval of this Act, for
          its effective implementation.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 29. <em>Separability Clause — </em>If any provision of this Act
          is held invalid, the other provisions not affected shall remain in
          full force and effect.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 30. <em>Repealing Clause. — </em>All laws, decrees or rules
          inconsistent with this Act are hereby repealed or modified
          accordingly. Section 33(a) of Republic Act No. 8792 or the
          “Electronic Commerce Act” is hereby modified accordingly.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          SEC. 31. <em>Effectivity. —</em>&nbsp;This Act shall take effect
          fifteen (15) days after the completion of its publication in the
          <em>Official Gazette </em>or in at least two (2) newspapers of
          general circulation.
        </p>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">Approved,</p>
        <div align="center">
          <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td valign="top" width="308">
                  <p align="center">
                    (Sgd.) <strong>FELICIANO BELMONTE JR.</strong><br />
                    <em
                        >Speaker of the House<br />
                        of Representatives</em>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td valign="top" width="308">
                  <p align="center">
                    (Sgd.) <strong>JUAN PONCE ENRILE<br /> </strong><em>President of the Senate</em><strong></strong>
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </div>
        <p style="text-align: justify;">
          This Act which is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 2796 and House
          Bill No. 5808 was finally passed by the Senate and the House of
          Representatives on June 5, 2012 and June 4, 2012, respectively.
        </p>
        <div align="center">
          <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td valign="top" width="308">
                  <p align="center">
                    (Sgd.) <strong>MARILYN B. BARUA-YAP</strong><br />
                    <em
                        >Secretary General<br />
                        House of Representatives</em>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td valign="top" width="308">
                  <p align="center">
                    (Sgd.) <strong>EMMA LIRIO-REYES</strong><br />
                    <em>Secretary of the Senate</em>
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </div>
        <p>&nbsp;</p>
        <p>Approved: SEP 12 2012</p>
        <p style="text-align: center;">
          (Sgd.) <strong>BENIGNO S. AQUINO III</strong><br />
          <em>President of the Philippines</em>
        </p>

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          <h5>Resources</h5>

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            <ul>
              <li class="pdfbutton b20">
                [PDF]
                <a href="http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2012/09sep/20120912-RA-10175-BSA.pdf">Republic Act
                  No. 10175, September 12, 2012</a>
              </li>
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